Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions in the U.S., accounting for 2.5 million doctor visits a year.

Everyone gets constipated from time to time, and those who experience this condition once in a while have no cause for concern. But chronic constipation—defined as having a bowel movement fewer than three times a week—can be uncomfortable and should be addressed.

Symptoms
Aside from having infrequent bowel movements, people who are constipated may have some of these symptoms:

• Hard, dry, and small stools
• Difficult or painful bowel movements
• Abdominal bloating
• Sensation of having a full bowel

Causes
Common causes of constipation include:

• Not enough fiber in the diet
• Lack of physical activity
• Medications, especially narcotic pain relievers
• Irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, or stroke
• Changes in life or routine such as pregnancy, aging, and travel
• Dehydration

Self-Care
Dietary changes can often correct constipation:

• Add fiber to your diet. People who eat too little fiber and too much cheese, eggs, meat, and refined and processed foods are more likely to be constipated. To increase fiber, add fresh fruits and vegetables, 100 percent whole-grain breads and pastas, and beans and legumes to your daily diet.
• Increase your liquid intake. Drink more water and fruit juices and fewer beverages that contain caffeine.
• Be physically active. Exercise or be otherwise active for at least 30 minutes on most days.
• Check your medications. Certain medications, including pain medications, antacids that contain aluminum and calcium, blood pressure medications, antidepressants, and iron supplements can cause constipation. Ask your doctor to review the drugs you take and make adjustments if any of them could be causing the condition.
• Don’t abuse laxatives. Taking higher doses than recommended can make it difficult to have a bowel movement without them.

When to See a Doctor
If you have had constipation for 12 weeks or more during the last 12 months and have not had any relief with self care, see your doctor.

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